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Types of Coffee Beans
Behind every cup of coffee we enjoy, there are carefully graded beans. These beans are graded based on size, color and shape.
The AA classification is given to coffee beans that meet all of the above criteria, but they should not have more than three deficient qualities (quakers). Typically, these are Kenya AA beans.
Arabica
Arabica coffee beans, also referred to as Coffea arabica, are the most popular kind of coffee bean in the world. According to the legend coffee was discovered by a goatherder in Ethiopia after he noticed that his livestock had more energy when they consumed the fruits of the plant. This prompted him to try roasting the seeds before brewing the coffee, resulting in the drink which we enjoy today.
While many types of coffee plants exist but there are only two primary species used as the basis for all our favourite drinks: arabica and robusta. The flavor of the final drink is usually more appealing with the first.
There are many different arabica cultivars. Each has their own distinctive taste. Typica and Bourbon are two of the most popular arabica cultivars. All other arabica varieties were developed from these two varieties, either by natural mutations or intentional crossbreeding. The SL28 cultivar, for instance was developed in Kenya by Scott Labs and is known for its distinct chocolatey flavor.
The flavor of an arabica variety is based on the conditions in which it was grown and also on how it was handled and cooked. The kind of shade trees receive can have a significant impact on the final product.
Robusta
Robusta coffee beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most popular variety of coffee beans. These beans are used in the majority of instant coffees and have twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica Coffee Beans. They are also used in many espresso blends, specifically for cappuccino and caffe latte.
The Coffea Canephora plant originated in Sub-Saharan Africa, but it has since been cultivated around the world. It is able to grow at lower elevations and can tolerate higher temperatures than the Arabica coffee plant, making it a more suitable crop for farmers. Vietnam is currently the largest producer of robusta coffee, followed by Brazil and Indonesia.
The robusta plant is a good coffee however it's not a favorite among cupping enthusiasts because of its bitter taste and burnt-rubber hints. Most large coffee companies use arabica beans in their premium products because it's considered to be lower-quality coffee.
The demand for specialty coffees is growing and small roasters are experimenting to make the most of its exceptional qualities. Our Valhalla Java coffee and Death With Coffee coffee are two examples. Both are exceptional robustas that are blended with arabica for the perfect balance between flavor and strength. These are coffees from Uganda, a country where robusta has been grown for a long time. Learn more about them.
Liberica
Liberica coffee beans are rare and are rarely used in the world. They make up less than 2% the world's consumption of coffee beans and are often overlooked as they do not have the same amount of caffeine. These beans have a distinct flavor that a lot of coffee drinkers find irresistible.
Liberica coffee beans, though extremely scarce they are still very popular in certain parts of Asia. These beans are most common in Malaysia and Indonesia where there is a significant Muslim community. In these countries, the coffee industry has been very steady for a number of years. The consumption of a cup of coffee after a prayer is an integral part of their customs.
Liberica coffee's history dates back to 1890s after a worldwide epidemic caused by coffee leaf rust devastated the arabica crop. This event prompted coffee producers to look for a robust plant that could flourish in tropical climates. They soon discovered the Liberica.
Liberica plants have a high tolerance for pests and diseases, which made them a perfect replacement for the devastated arabica crop. Liberica also has the ability to flourish in hot temperatures and lower altitudes. This allowed it to thrive in the climate of Southeast Asia. This is the reason why, today the majority of the coffee that is produced in the Philippines, Indonesia, and Malaysia comes from Liberica beans.
While it's not common for coffee drinkers to find excelsa beans in their cups, these more rare beans are starting to gain recognition for their distinctive flavor. According to Komal Sable of South India Coffee Co. who is a fifth-generation farmer of coffee excelsa beans have a teardrop-like form, but are smaller. It is important to note that despite the resemblance in family between excelsa and liberica however, this species is not a separate one.
It's a bit hazy as to how excelsa beans should be classified, and it's this confusion that has largely been at the root of the beans' absence in the contemporary world of coffee. Due to this, many roasters, farmers, and brewers don't know how to cultivate and use these beans effectively.
It is ultimately up to each person to decide if he or she likes the taste of excelsa and it may take some time to find the right blend. It is important to be open, and try each type of coffee until you find the one that you like. You'll discover the full range of possibilities these unique beans can offer. It's an experience that's worth the effort.